Simple question, difficult solution. I can’t work it out. I have a server at home with a site-to-site VPN to a server in the cloud. The server in the cloud has a public IP.
I want people to access server in the cloud and it should forward traffic through the VPN. I have tried this and it works. I’ve tried with nginx streams, frp and also HAProxy. They all work, but, in the server at home logs I can only see that people are connecting from the site-to-site VPN, not their actual source IP.
Is there any solution (program/Docker image) that will take a port, forward it to another host (or maybe another program listening on the host) that then modifies the traffic to contain the real source IP. The whole idea is that in the server logs I want to see people’s real IP addresses, not the server in the cloud private VPN IP.
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Short answer: Don’t bother, it’s too complex to setup (unless your app is HTTP or supports the PROXY protocol). You better read your proxy logs instead.
Long answer: What you want is called “IP transparency” and require your proxy to “spoof” the IP address of the client when forwarding packets to the remote server. Some proxies do it (Nginx plus, Avi Vantage, Fortinet) but are paid services. I don’t know for free solutions as I only ever implemented it with those listed above.
This require a fairly complex setup though:
0. IP address spoofing
The proxy must rewrite all downstream request to spoof the client IP address, making it look like the traffic originates from the client at the TCP layer.
1. Backend server routing
As the packet will most likely originate from random IP on the internet, your backend server must have a way to route back the traffic to the proxy, instead of it’s default gateway. Otherwise you’d implement what is called "Direct Server Return*, which won’t work in your case (packet will be dropped by the client as originating from your backend server directly, and not from the proxy).
You have two solutions here:
- set your default gateway to the proxy over its VPN interface (don’t do that unless you truly understand all the implications of such a setup)
- use packet tagging and VRF on the backend server to route back all traffic coming from the VPN, back to the VPN interface (I’m not even sure this would work with an IPsec VPN though because of ACL…)
3. Intercept and route back return traffic
The proxy must be aware that it must intercept this traffic targeted at the destination IP of the client as part of a proxied request. This require a proxy that can bind on an IP that is not configured on the system.
So yeah, don’t do that unless you NEED to do that (trust me as I had to do it, and hated setting it up).
Edit: apparently haproxy supports this feature, which they call transparent mode
I think this is right but to make it work you’d need to do one of two things to pull it off. First off, if you’re doing it just for Web the nginx proxy putting original ip in the header and unpacking on the other side is the smart move. Otherwise.
1: route all your traffic on your side via the vpn, and have the routing on the vpn side forward the packets to the intranet ip on your side not do dnat on it.
2: if you want to route normal traffic over your normal link then you could do it with source routing on the router. You would need two subnets, one for your normal Internet and one for the vpn traffic. Setup source routing to route packets with the vpn ip addresses go via vpn and the rest nat the normal way then the same as before, vpn on cloud forwards not nat to your side of the vpn.
In both cases snat should be done on the cloud side.
It’s a fiddly setup just to get the ip addresses though.
I think you meant to reply to another comment. I never talked about setting up NAT rules, neither source, nor destination.
The proxy is responsible for responding with the correct IP address as it terminates the connection. Setting up NAT rules is not needed.
Short answer no, but you can add the source IP as part of the http header https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/forwarded/ then you have to log that bit of the header at the app level.
There can be ways of your are using ipv6, basically turning your cloud host into a router, but but ipv4 you would have to have a 1:1 mapping and setup the routing carefully to make it work.
Isn’t that what the logs on the proxy are for?
This is only true if the proxy can understand the application layer of the backend (eg. HTTP). For TCP/UDP based proxy, you only get “X connected to Y” type of logs, which isn’t very useful to debug an application.
Is there any solution (program/Docker image) that will take a port, forward it to another host (or maybe another program listening on the host) that then modifies the traffic to contain the real source IP. The whole idea is that in the server logs I want to see people’s real IP addresses, not the server in the cloud private VPN IP.
Not that I’m aware of. Most methods require some kind of out-of-band way to send the client’s real IP to the server. e.g. X-Forwarded-For headers, Proxy Protocol, etc.
If your backend app supports proxy protocol, you may be able to use HAProxy in front on the VPS and use proxy protocol from there to the backend. Nginx may also support this for streams (I don’t recall if it does or not since I mainly use HAProxy for that).
Barring that, there is one more way, but it’s less clean.
You can use iptables on the VPS to do a prerouting DNAT port forward. The only catch to this is that the VPN endpoint that hosts the service must have its default gateway set to the VPN IP of the VPS, and you have to have a MASQUERADE rule so traffic from the VPN can route out of the VPS. I run two services in this configuration, and it works well.
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d {VPS_PUBLIC_IP}/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport {PORT} -j DNAT --to-destination {VPN_CLIENT_ADDRESS} iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s {VPN_SUBNET}/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADEWhere eth0 is the internet-facing interface of your VPS.
Edit: One more catch to the port forward method. This forward happens before the traffic hits your firewall chain on the VPS, so you’d need to implement any firewalls on the backend server.
Setting the default gateway to the VPN has many implications that you must take into account before doing it:
- you need to allow ALL traffic through the VPN ACL, which nullify the concept of ACL as a security measure.
- it breaks the VPN as the encapsulated packets cannot reach the other site. You need a /32 route to the other site to keep the VPN up.
- it will route ALL the internet traffic from this host through the VPN, and the internet access of the other site.
- it could break access to LAN of the server, so you might need to set your local routes manually.
- it can let your server access the LAN of the remote server, this leaking local networks.
A better option would be to use VRFs to route back traffic coming through the VPN back to it.
Thank you so much for the quick and detailed reply, appreciate it!
Done all of the iptables stuff, just trying to change the default gateway on the server at home now:
network: version: 2 renderer: networkd ethernets: eth0: dhcp4: true routes: - to: 0.0.0.0/0 via: <vps public ip>Does the above netplan yaml look right? When it’s applied, I can’t access the internet or even the VPS public IP.
Forgot to ask: Is your server a VPN client to the VPS or a VPN server with the VPS as a client? In my config, the VPS is the VPN server.
Not sure about the netplan config (all my stuff is debian and uses oldschool /etc/network/interfaces), but you’d need logic like this:
Server is VPN client of the VPS:
routes: # Ensure your VPS is reachable via your default gateway - to: <vps public ip> via: <your local gateway> # Route all other traffic via the VPS's VPN IP - to: 0.0.0.0/0 via: <vps vpn ip>You may also need to explicitly add a route to your local subnet via your eth0 IP/dev. If the VPS is a client to the server at home, then I’m not sure if this would work or not.
Sorry this is so vague. I have this setup for 2 services, and they’re both inside Docker with their own networks and routing tables; I don’t have to make any accommodations on the host.
Everything I use is in Docker too, I’d much rather use Docker than mess around with host files, but to try it out I don’t mind. If you have an image you could share, I’d appreciate it.
Anyway, neither are clients or servers as I just used ZeroTier as a quick setup. On my other infra I use wireguard with the VPS being the server (that setup works well but I only reverse proxy HTTP stuff so X-Forwarded-For works well).
I’ve no experience with Zerotier, but I use a combo of WG and Openvpn. I use OpenVPN inside the Docker containers since it’s easier to containerize than WG.
Inside the Docker container, I have the following logic:
- supervisord starts
openvpnalong with the other services in the container (yeah, yeah, it’s not “the docker way” and I don’t care) - OpenVPN is configured with an “up” and “down” script
- When OpenVPN completes the tunnel setup, it runs the up script which does the following:
# Get the current default route / Docker gateway IP export DOCKER_GW=$(ip route | grep default | cut -d' ' -f 3) # Delete the default route so the VPN can replace it. ip route del default via $DOCKER_GW; # Add a static route through the Docker gateway only for the VPN server IP address ip route add $VPN_SERVER_IP via $DOCKER_GW; true ip route add $LAN_SUBNET via $DOCKER_GW; trueLAN_SUBNET is my local network (e.g. 192.168.0.1/24) and VPN_SERVER_IP is the public IP of the VPS (1.2.3.4/32). I pass those in as environment variables via docker-compose.
The VPN server pushes the default routes to the client (0.0.0.0/1 via <VPS VPN IP> and 128.0.0.0/1 via <VPS VPN IP>
Again, sorry this is all generic, but since you’re using different mechanisms, you’ll need to adapt the basic logic.
Thanks, this helps a lot. So in your OpenVPN config, on the client, do you have it to send all traffic back through the VPN?
You may be able to do it through the client, yes, but I have it pushed from the server:
Okay, can we go back to those iptables commands?
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d {VPS_PUBLIC_IP}/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport {PORT} -j DNAT --to-destination {VPN_CLIENT_ADDRESS} iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s {VPN_SUBNET}/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADEJust to confirm, is the
-o eth0in the second command essentially the interface where all the traffic is coming in? I’ve setup a quick Wireguard VPN with Docker, setup the client so that it routes ALL traffic through the VPN. Doing something likecurl ifconfig.menow shows the public IP of the VPS… this is good. But it seems like the iptables command aren’t working for me.
- supervisord starts
Do I need to specify to forward VPN traffic through my router and then traffic to 0.0.0.0/0 through the VPN?
See my other response.
You may need to move the logic from netplan to a script that gets executed when the VPN is brought up. Otherwise, it will likely fail since it won’t have the VPN tunnel interface up to route traffic to.
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I realised I forgot to update this. Thank you to everyone that contributed, I appreciate it. This was a weird use case and barely anyone online has documented it, only a handful of places. Nevertheless, I figured it out.
So basically, you run HAProxy with the send-proxy-v2 protocol. Let’s say I’m forwarding SSH from VPS to home, I’d have the VPS running HAProxy listening on port 22. Then I’d have it forward to home on port 220. Then, on the home server, you run this amazing piece of software called go-mmproxy. Configure that to listen on port 220 and forward to localhost 22. And there you have it.
HAProxy passes the real source IP to go-mmproxy with the proxy protocol, go-mmproxy takes the proxy header and strips it from the request, spoofs the source IP address from localhost to the real source IP contained in the proxy header then makes the request to localhost. And then you also have to configure traffic to go back through localhost so go-mmproxy can pick it up and add the proxy header back to the request, to be sent back to the source.
You’re best off using the PROXY protocol assuming your application(s) support it.
This is the solution. I reverse proxy from a digitalocean droplet running haproxy which sends traffic via send-proxy-v2, then I set the tunnel subnet as a trusted proxy ip range on traefik which is what haproxy hits through the tunnel, which causes traefik to substitute in the reverse proxied original ip so all my apps behind traefik see the correct public IP (very important for things like nextcloud brute force protection to work)
Would this work for my use case? I just want a service to be able to see the real source IPs but still going through a proxy
Depends on the service. What application are you running on the backend server ?
But I imagine this only works if TLS is terminated at HAProxy rather than Traefik, right? Otherwise how can HAProxy mess with the HTTP headers?
The way I would solve this is by putting nginx or other reverse proxy directly on your instance in the cloud. You can use this to set one of the well known proxy headers and proxies as others have mentioned and have this then proxy to your backend instances over the VPN (even if it’s pointing to an internal nginx instance). Then the access logs on your cloud instance will also contain the actual IP address of the client, setting headers will obviously only work for HTTP traffic, there really isn’t a similar mechanism for TCP/UDP traffic as those are layer 3 and HTTP is layer 4. If you are concerned about it you can always ship the logs to somewhere on prem as well.
For TCP/UDP traffic, you’d just move the problem on another box. The application logs would report connections from 127.0.0.1 (the local proxy), and not the client IP.
Yep you are correct, that’s what I was trying to when I was talking about the logs on the public instance and forwarding them to a central place of that is important information, sorry if it didn’t make sense, I must have been tired haha.
I forgot before, it is also possible use ProxyProtocol for TCP applications but the application will need to understand it for it to show in the application logs. It would also be possible to use this to allow the on-prem instance (nginx->nginx let’s say) to see the true client IP from the public instance, the exact configuration is implementation dependent though.
