If you had said Catholicism you might be right, for all I know, but that’s actually a big part of my background. US (and Canadian) protestantism is an amorphous mass; it doesn’t really have heresies, exact rules are up to the pastor today. It does have tribal symbols, though, and Isreal is one of them (despite the typical belief that Jews go to hell).

Prosperity gospel? They have that. Charities? That too. Cults where you have to give everything away like the desciples? They’re around, although they can’t compete with pastors that say what people want to hear.

I mean, isn’t school a bit like that?

Or sad, unemployed people.

And then the middle kingdom is China, and New Zealand is Middle Earth, all while being further east yet.

However, if there is credible risk of torture or persecution, repatriation against a prisoner’s will is prohibited.

That would be a nasty oversight, but it doesn’t actually appear to be the case.

deleted by creator

Ah, but his personal interpretation of god didn’t okay anything against him.

Which is why it won’t actually happen under Trump. Huckabee can say whatever he wants, he’s not the voice that counts.

I don’t know about theological illiteracy. There’s a lot of actual doctrine out there on much shakier scriptural foundations.

Headline is exaggerated; he’s only talking about the west side of the Middle East, so their buddies on the Persian gulf aren’t included.

That being said, if Israel goes the way of becoming an empire, it’s a region next door that’s both absurdly rich and defenseless. And with every other military power in the region being ground down, that looks like more and more of a long-term possibility.

Yeah, it does happen, although even online I think it’s less common than the supportive comments.

Canada was largely populated by waves of Americans escaping whatever previous thing.

I think Canadians are actually pretty decent at distinguishing the government and the people, because of the cultural closeness.

Kind of like how Zelensky probably still speaks Russian at home.

Ah yes, the oil rich countries of Afghanistan and Vietnam.

Judges start as lawyers, sometimes defense lawyers. The typical lawyer demographic is also not much like the demographic of the typical cop. And, you can just check for yourself that cops do lose in court.

Wow, the judge is going to laugh the cops out of court.

What’s the difference?

A map isn’t a territory, but there’s no such a thing as a tangible mind you can hold (or there is, and we’re arguing about mysticism, which isn’t really a good use of my time). As far as I can see, it’s all maps.

If how exactly it’s implemented matters, regardless of similarity in internal dynamics and states, and there’s an imminent tangibility to it like rain or torque, I think you’re actually talking about a soul.

Behaviorally, analog systems are not substrate dependent. The same second-order differential equations describes RLC circuits, audio resonators and a ball on a spring, for example.

Analog AI chips exist, FWIW.

If you’re looking at complexity theory, I’m pretty sure all physics is in EXPTIME. That’s a strong class, which is why we haven’t solved every problem, but it’s still digital and there’s stronger ones that can come up, like with Presburger arithmetic. Weird fundamentally-continuous problems exist, and there was a pretty significant result in theoretical quantum computer science about it this decade, but actual known physics is very “nice” in a lot of ways. And yes, that includes having numerical approximations to an arbitrary degree of precision.

To be clear, there’s still a lot of problems with the technology, even if it can replace a graphics designer. Your screenshot is a great example of hallucination (particularly the bit about practical situations), or just echoing back a sentiment that was given.

I’m not trying to be cheeky or dismissive, but: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signal

It’s not about irreducibility - that’s not a feature any part of physics has. Even quantum states can be fully simulated by a digital computer, just with prohibitive (ie. exponential in qubits) overhead. It’s about continuous vs. discrete, and a very large number of discrete states can become indistinguishable from continuousness. Sometimes provably.

It’s true that the internal functions the determine whether neurons fire are poorly understood. Once we have that data it will absolutely be possible to simulate, though. It’s long been done for individual organoids, and at this point the hardware has scaled enough to look at doing an entire bacterium and it’s nearby environment. If the interactions of a random patch of water molecules can be neglected - and usually biochemists do so - that software could be made much much lighter yet.

I’d like to point out Earth’s weather systems are continuous, bigger and far more chaotic. If biology was irreducible, meteorology would be as well.

Biological neurons are actually more digital than artificial neural nets are. They fire with equal intensity, or don’t fire (that at least is well understood). Meanwhile, a node in your LLM has an approximately continuous range of activations.

They’re just tracking weighted averages about what word comes next.

That’s leaving out most of the actual complexity. There’s gigabytes or terabytes of mysterious numbers playing off of each other to decide the probabilities of each word in an LLM, and it’s looking at quite a bit of previous context. A human author also has to decide the next word to type repeatedly, so it doesn’t really preclude much.

If you just go word-by-word or few-words-by-few-words straightforwardly, that’s called a Markov chain, and they rarely get basic grammar right.

Like you said, the issue is how to do it consistently and not in an infinite sea of garbage, which is what would happen if you increase stochasticity in service of originality. It’s a design limitation.

Sure, we agree on that. Where we maybe disagree is on whether humans experience the same kind of tradeoff. And then we got a bit into unrelated philosophy of mind.

and you can literally program an LLM inside a fax machine if you wanted to.

Absolutely, although it’d have to be more of an SLM to fit. You don’t think the exact hardware used is important though, do you? Our own brains don’t exactly look like much.

Is 1% annual growth better or worse than normal? I know that the Japanese economy hasn’t exactly been popping since the 90’s.